影响心脏和肾脏的疾病, 如慢性肾病(CKD)和心力衰竭(HF), 落在心血管疾病的相互关联的光谱上, 肾脏和代谢(CVRM)状况.
CKD is a serious, progressive condition that gradually decreases a person’s kidney function.1 事实上，全世界有近8.5亿人受到慢性肾病的影响，其中大多数人仍未被诊断出来, 十分之九的慢性肾病患者甚至不知道自己得了慢性肾病.2,3 慢性肾病是一种早期无声的疾病，这意味着慢性肾病往往被诊断得很晚，而且长期得不到治疗，尽管它影响着全世界10%以上的普通人群.4,5 目前还没有治愈慢性肾病的方法, 如果病情发展到肾衰竭, 患者需要透析或肾移植.6
CKD is expected to become the world’s fifth leading cause of mortality by 2040, 使这种情况成为一个日益严重的公共卫生问题，给患者和卫生系统带来重大负担.7,8 对于CKD患者, it’s possible to slow the progression through early diagnosis and intervention.9
While CKD can be difficult to diagnose and treat on its own, it can also increase the risk of cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Research continues to show the connection between cardiovascular and renal conditions, 由于心脏和肾脏关系如此密切, 慢性肾病可引起或加重心衰等心血管疾病.10,11
多达五分之一的CKD患者会发展为心衰, 使其成为CKD患者的主要心血管并发症. CKD has also been associated with increased mortality in patients with HF. 在每种类型的射血分数(降低), midrange, or preserved), patients with CKD had worse outcomes in both the short and long term (one and five years respectively).10-12
Patients more likely to develop CKD and HF typically have similar risk factors including diabetes, obesity, and hypertension.6,13,14 一旦患者发展为CKD和HF, they’re also likely to share similar related complications such as hyperkalaemia, 或者血液中钾含量升高. 15 如果这些并发症很严重而不及时治疗, they can be fatal and impact patients’ ability to continue guideline-recommended treatment options, 如RAAS抑制剂, 对于CKD和/或HF患者来说，这是减缓CKD进展和降低射血分数降低的HF患者死亡率的基本治疗方法.16-18
肾脏和心脏紧密相连，因此及早发现CKD并进行干预有助于减缓疾病进展, preserve renal function and reduce cardiovascular complications, 包括心力衰竭.6
早期诊断肾脏疾病可以帮助预防其他并发症或合并症，如心脏病.5,9,19
Early interventions for CKD patients can help improve outcomes and quality of life.9 Identifying CKD early helps slow the progression of the disease and reduce its complications.5 因为心衰和CKD是紧密相连的, slowing the progression of one may help slow the progression of the other disease. 9,10,20
在CKD和HF的早期阶段，患者可以通过改变生活方式来控制病情，减缓疾病进展，如锻炼, 健康饮食, 戒烟并服用推荐药物.9,21,22 As CKD progresses, 护理团队可能会转向专注于医疗干预, 减缓疾病进展, reducing cardiovascular risk and managing other complications.9 As HF progresses, physicians and patients may focus on reducing hospital readmissions, 改善患者临床状况, quality of life and implementing tools such as guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT).16,22
In the late stages of CKD, physicians continue to work to slow kidney damage as well as begin to plan ahead with patients for possible treatments for kidney failure like dialysis.7,9 一旦心衰发展到晚期, 重点仍然是医疗干预, 继续利用国内生产总值, and physicians may begin to assess patients for advanced HF therapies like transplants.22
利用医学指南和指南导向的医学治疗(GDMT)可以帮助管理CKD和HF患者的疾病进展.16,23
To overcome challenges and improve outcomes for patients with CKD and HF, 澳门葡京赌博游戏必须继续加快早期发现和协调护理，以帮助解决心血管和肾脏疾病的复杂性和相互关联性. 医疗指南和指导指南的医疗疗法是解决方案的重要组成部分，因为它们有助于为临床医生提供以患者为中心的建议，以诊断和管理患者.
In the renal space, medical guidelines include the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines for CKD.23 For HF care teams, 2021年ESC急性和慢性心力衰竭诊断和治疗指南以及最近的2022年美国心脏病学会/美国心脏协会/美国心力衰竭学会心力衰竭管理指南提供了对不同类型心力衰竭的见解, 如何治疗这种疾病, 以及如何及早诊断和干预.22,24
同时利用这些指南为CKD和HF的管理提供了方向-有效实施指南是挽救生命的关键.
Scientists and the healthcare system can improve outcomes by advancing the science, 注重以病人为中心的护理, delivering innovative treatments and championing the use of GDMT. By continuing to build our collective understanding of CKD and HF, 澳门葡京赌博游戏可以改善获得更好护理的途径.
Addressing diseases across the cardiorenal continuum, from earliest detection to late stage.
澳门葡京赌博游戏的目标是通过揭示疾病的根本原因，从根本上改变crvrm的护理，并改善患者的治疗结果, 制定诊断策略并提供创新, life-changing solutions for the millions of people affected by this interconnected spectrum of diseases.
Through partnering with organisations such as the International Society of Nephrology to create a 一分钟小测试 这为了解人们是否有CKD风险提供了见解，从而与医生和研究人员合作，为CKD和HF患者创造更好的结果——澳门葡京赌博游戏正在努力加深对心肾联系的理解.
“Scientific advances are revealing the connection between cardiovascular, 肾脏和代谢性疾病, helping to drive earlier diagnosis and opportunities for integrated treatment approaches.”
Mene Pangalos, Executive Vice President, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca
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References
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Veeva ID: Z4-49281
筹备日期:2022年11月